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ViM Cheat Sheet
Navigation
h, j, k, l |
Move cursor left, down, up, right |
w |
Jump to start of next word (W - words inc. punctuation) |
e |
Jump to end of next word (E - words inc. punctuation) |
b |
Jump to start of previous word (B - words inc. punctuation) |
0 |
Jump to the start of the line |
^ |
Jump to the first non-blank character of the line |
$ |
Jump to the end of the line |
}, { |
Jump to next, previous paragraph |
Cut and paste
yy |
Yank (copy) a line (2yy - 2 lines) |
yw |
Yank (copy) word |
y$ |
Yank (copy) to end of line |
p |
Paste the clipboard after cursor (P - before) |
dd |
Delete a line (2dd - 2 lines) |
dw |
Delete word |
D |
Delete to the end of the line |
d$ |
Delete to the end of the line |
x |
Delete character |
Marks
m[a-z] |
Create a mark labelled a,b,c..z |
'[a-z] |
Jump to mark a.b.c..z (or use in range) |
Editing
i |
Insert before cursor (I - beginning of line) |
a |
Insert after cursor (A - end of line) |
o |
Append (open) a new line below the current line |
O |
Append (open) a new line above the current line |
ea |
Insert (append) at the end of the word |
Esc |
Exit insert mode |
r |
Replace a single character (R - replace until Esc.) |
J |
Join line below to the current one |
cc |
Replace entire line |
cw |
Replace to the end of the word |
c$ |
Replace to the end of the line |
s |
Delete character and substitute text |
S |
Delete line and substitute text (same as cc) |
xp |
Transpose two letters (delete and paste) |
u |
Undo (Ctrl+r - redo) |
. |
Repeat last command |
~ |
Switch case |
guw gUw |
Lower, upper case from current char to end word |
Operator - Text Object - Motion
Operator: delete, change, visual select , replace
Text Object: inside, around
Motion:
w |
word |
W |
WORD (includes special chars) |
b or ( |
block (of parentheses) |
B or { |
BLOCK (of curly braces) |
[ |
brackets |
' |
single quotes |
" |
double quotes |
t |
tag (html or xml |
p |
paragraph |
s |
sentence |
eg.
di{ |
delete text inside the { } brackets |
vo" |
visual select of text inside and including “‘s |
Macros
q[a-z] |
Start recording macro named a,b,c..z. q ends recording |
@[a-z] |
Replay macro named a,b,c..z |
Search Replace
:<range>s/<search string>/<replace string>[/cgiI]
c |
Confirm each replacement |
g |
All instances on a line |
i |
Ignore case (I - don’t ignore case) |
Range
num |
An absolute line number |
. |
The current line |
$ |
The last line in the file |
% |
The whole file. |
't |
Position of mark “t” |
n..m |
Lines numbered n to m inclusive |
Escaped Characters
. |
Any character except new line (.* - includes empty lines) |
\. |
. character |
\s |
Whitespace character (\S - non-whitespace character) |
\d |
Digit (\D - non-digit) |
\x |
Hex digit (\X - non-hex digit) |
\o |
Octal digit (\O - non-octal digit) |
\h |
Head of word character (a,b,c…z,A,B,C…Z and _) (\H - non-head of word character) |
\p |
Printable character (\P - excluding digits) |
\w |
Word character (\W - non-word character) |
\a |
Alphabetic character (\A - non-alphabetic character) |
\l |
Lowercase character (\L - non-lowercase character, more than A..Z) |
\u |
Uppercase character (\U - non-uppercase character, more than a..z) |
* |
Matches 0 or more of the preceding characters, ranges or metacharacters |
\+ |
Matches 1 or more of the preceding characters |
\= |
Matches 0 or 1 more of the preceding characters |
\{n,m} |
Matches from n to m of the preceding character |
\{n} |
Matches exactly n times of the preceding characters |
\{,m} |
Matches at most m (from 0 to m) of the preceding characters |
\{n,} |
Matches at least n of of the preceding characters |
\{-} |
Matches 0 or more of the preceding atom, as few as possible |
\{-n,m} |
Matches 1 or more of the preceding characters |
\{-n,} |
Matches at lease or more of the preceding characters |
\{-,m} |
Matches 1 or more of the preceding characters |
String Ranges
[0123abAC] |
Matches any of the characters inside the brackets |
[a-zA-Z0-9] |
Matches lowercase characters, uppercase characters and digits |
[^a-zA-Z0-9] |
Matches anything but [a-zA-Z0-9] “^” will lose its special meaning if it’s not the first character in the range. |
Using Matched Characters In Replacement String
Search strings inside “(” and “)” can be used in replacement string reference as \1, \2 etc
Replacement String Special Character
\0 |
The whole matched pattern |
\L |
The following characters are made lowercase (terminate with \E or \e) |
\U |
The following characters are made uppercase (terminate with \E or \e) |
\l |
Next character made lowercase |
\u |
Next character made uppercase |
\r |
Split line in two at this point |
& |
The whole matched pattern |
~ |
The previous substitute string |
Alternations
| ” | `” can combine several expressions into one. The first one matched will be used. |
eg. \(Date: | Subject: | From:\)\(\s.*\) - matches Date: or Subject: first then whitespace. |
Regexp Operator Precedence
| 1 | Grouping | \(\)[a-zA-Z0-9] |
| 2 | Quantifiers | \=,\+,*,\{n} etc. |
| 3 | Characters | Sequence of characters/metacharacters` |
| 4 | Alternation | [a-zA-Z0-9] |
Global Command - Global search and execution
:<range>g[!]/<pattern>/<cmd>
Execute the Ex command
Example Ex commands :s[ubstitute], :co , :d[elete], :w[rite] etc.
eg. :g/^$/d - delete all empty lines in a file.
eg. :g/^$/,/./-j - reduce multiple blank lines to a single blank.
eg. :10,20g/^/ mo 10 - reverse the order of the lines starting from the line 10 up to the line 20.
Misc
:set ic - ignore case, :set noic, :set ic! - toggle.
vimrc
.vimrc file:
set hlsearch
set incsearch
set ic
" Lets put all the filename~ backup and swp / un file in the temp folder.
set backupdir=/tmp
set directory=/tmp
set undodir=/tmp
" 3 Character tab and convert these to spaces.
set tabstop=3 softtabstop=0 expandtab shiftwidth=3
let b:did_indent = 1
" Map F2 to auto complete words in inset mode and to clear the last search otherwise.
map! <F2> <C-N>
map <F2> :noh<CR>
" Enable spell check.
set spell spelllang=en_gb
set spellfile=~/.vimspellfile.add
set spellcapcheck=""
map <C-n> ]s
map <C-p> [s
map <C-l> z=
map <C-k> zg
" Stop the bloody ping on error and flash the screen instead.
set vb
" set columns=110
map <C-D> 110A-<ESC>A<CR><ESC>
" Python (.py) specific indents
au BufNewFile,BufRead *.py
\ set tabstop=3 |
\ set softtabstop=3 |
\ set shiftwidth=3 |
\ set textwidth=109 |
\ set expandtab |
\ set autoindent |
\ set fileformat=unix
" set foldmethod=indent
" map <C-F> zc
" map <A-left> zc
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